feat(extract): add OpenWeatherMap daily weather extractor

Adds extract/openweathermap package with daily weather extraction for 8
coffee-growing regions (Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Ethiopia, Honduras,
Guatemala, Indonesia). Feeds crop stress signal for commodity sentiment score.

Extractor:
- OWM One Call API 3.0 / Day Summary — one JSON.gz per (location, date)
- extract_weather: daily, fetches yesterday + today (16 calls max)
- extract_weather_backfill: fills 2020-01-01 to yesterday, capped at 500
  calls/run with resume cursor '{location_id}:{date}' for crash safety
- Full idempotency via file existence check; state tracking via extract_core

SQLMesh:
- seeds.weather_locations (8 regions with lat/lon/variety)
- foundation.fct_weather_daily: INCREMENTAL_BY_TIME_RANGE, grain
  (location_id, observation_date), dedup via hash key, crop stress flags:
  is_frost (<2°C), is_heat_stress (>35°C), is_drought (<1mm), in_growing_season

Landing path: LANDING_DIR/weather/{location_id}/{year}/{date}.json.gz

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/materia/pipelines.py

@@ -40,9 +40,17 @@ PIPELINES = {
         "command": ["uv", "run", "--package", "ice_stocks", "extract_ice_all"],
         "timeout_seconds": 1800,
     },
+    "extract_weather": {
+        "command": ["uv", "run", "--package", "openweathermap", "extract_weather"],
+        "timeout_seconds": 300,
+    },
+    "extract_weather_backfill": {
+        "command": ["uv", "run", "--package", "openweathermap", "extract_weather_backfill"],
+        "timeout_seconds": 1200,
+    },
     "extract_all": {
-        "command": ["meta", "extract", "extract_cot", "extract_prices", "extract_ice_all"],
-        "timeout_seconds": 6300,
+        "command": ["meta", "extract", "extract_cot", "extract_prices", "extract_ice_all", "extract_weather"],
+        "timeout_seconds": 6600,
     },
     "transform": {
         "command": ["uv", "run", "--package", "sqlmesh_materia", "sqlmesh", "-p", "transform/sqlmesh_materia", "plan", "prod", "--no-prompts", "--auto-apply"],
@@ -60,7 +68,7 @@ PIPELINES = {
 
 
 META_PIPELINES: dict[str, list[str]] = {
-    "extract_all": ["extract", "extract_cot", "extract_prices", "extract_ice_all"],
+    "extract_all": ["extract", "extract_cot", "extract_prices", "extract_ice_all", "extract_weather"],
 }