feat(extract): add OpenWeatherMap daily weather extractor

Adds extract/openweathermap package with daily weather extraction for 8
coffee-growing regions (Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Ethiopia, Honduras,
Guatemala, Indonesia). Feeds crop stress signal for commodity sentiment score.

Extractor:
- OWM One Call API 3.0 / Day Summary — one JSON.gz per (location, date)
- extract_weather: daily, fetches yesterday + today (16 calls max)
- extract_weather_backfill: fills 2020-01-01 to yesterday, capped at 500
  calls/run with resume cursor '{location_id}:{date}' for crash safety
- Full idempotency via file existence check; state tracking via extract_core

SQLMesh:
- seeds.weather_locations (8 regions with lat/lon/variety)
- foundation.fct_weather_daily: INCREMENTAL_BY_TIME_RANGE, grain
  (location_id, observation_date), dedup via hash key, crop stress flags:
  is_frost (<2°C), is_heat_stress (>35°C), is_drought (<1mm), in_growing_season

Landing path: LANDING_DIR/weather/{location_id}/{year}/{date}.json.gz

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

uv.lock

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ members = [
     "extract-core",
     "ice-stocks",
     "materia",
+    "openweathermap",
     "psdonline",
     "sqlmesh-materia",
 ]
@@ -1778,6 +1779,21 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/cf/df/d3f1ddf4bb4cb50ed9b1139cc7b1c54c34a1e7ce8fd1b9a37c0d1551a6bd/opentelemetry_api-1.39.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2edd8463432a7f8443edce90972169b195e7d6a05500cd29e6d13898187c9950", size = 66356, upload-time = "2025-12-11T13:32:17.304Z" },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "openweathermap"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = { editable = "extract/openweathermap" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "extract-core" },
+    { name = "niquests" },
+]
+
+[package.metadata]
+requires-dist = [
+    { name = "extract-core", editable = "extract/extract_core" },
+    { name = "niquests", specifier = ">=3.14.1" },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "orjson"
 version = "3.11.7"