feat(supervisor): port Python supervisor from padelnomics + workflows.toml

Port padelnomics' schedule-aware Python supervisor to materia:
- src/materia/supervisor.py — croniter scheduling, topological wave
  execution (parallel independent workflows), tag-based git pull + deploy,
  status CLI subcommand
- infra/supervisor/workflows.toml — workflow registry (psd daily, cot
  weekly, prices daily, ice daily, weather daily)
- infra/supervisor/materia-supervisor.service — updated ExecStart to Python
  supervisor, added SUPERVISOR_GIT_PULL=1

Adaptations from padelnomics:
- Uses extract_core.state.open_state_db (not padelnomics_extract.utils)
- uv run sqlmesh -p transform/sqlmesh_materia run
- uv run materia pipeline run export_serving
- web/deploy.sh path (materia's deploy.sh is under web/)
- Removed proxy_mode (not used in materia)

Also: add croniter dependency to src/materia, delete old supervisor.sh.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

infra/supervisor/materia-supervisor.service

@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@ Wants=network-online.target
 Type=simple
 User=root
 WorkingDirectory=/opt/materia
-ExecStart=/opt/materia/infra/supervisor/supervisor.sh
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'exec uv run python src/materia/supervisor.py'
 Restart=always
 RestartSec=10
 EnvironmentFile=/opt/materia/.env
 Environment=LANDING_DIR=/data/materia/landing
 Environment=DUCKDB_PATH=/data/materia/lakehouse.duckdb
 Environment=SERVING_DUCKDB_PATH=/data/materia/analytics.duckdb
+Environment=SUPERVISOR_GIT_PULL=1
 
 # Resource limits
 LimitNOFILE=65536