feat(data): Sprint 1-5 population pipeline — city labels, US/UK/Global extractors

Part A: Data Layer — Sprints 1-5

Sprint 1 — Eurostat SDMX city labels (unblocks EU population):
- New extractor: eurostat_city_labels.py — fetches ESTAT/CITIES codelist
  (city_code → city_name mapping) with ETag dedup
- New staging model: stg_city_labels.sql — grain city_code
- Updated dim_cities.sql — joins Eurostat population via city code lookup;
  replaces hardcoded 0::BIGINT population

Sprint 2 — Market score formula v2:
- city_market_profile.sql: 30pt population (LN/1M), 25pt income PPS (/200),
  30pt demand (occupancy or density), 15pt data confidence
- Moved venue_pricing_benchmarks join into base CTE so median_occupancy_rate
  is available to the scoring formula

Sprint 3 — US Census ACS extractor:
- New extractor: census_usa.py — ACS 5-year place population (vintage 2023)
- New staging model: stg_population_usa.sql — grain (place_fips, ref_year)

Sprint 4 — ONS UK extractor:
- New extractor: ons_uk.py — 2021 Census LAD population via ONS beta API
- New staging model: stg_population_uk.sql — grain (lad_code, ref_year)

Sprint 5 — GeoNames global extractor:
- New extractor: geonames.py — cities15000.zip bulk download, filtered to ≥50K pop
- New staging model: stg_population_geonames.sql — grain geoname_id
- dim_cities: 5-source population cascade (Eurostat > Census > ONS > GeoNames > 0)
  with case/whitespace-insensitive city name matching

Registered all 4 new CLI entrypoints in pyproject.toml and all.py.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

extract/padelnomics_extract/pyproject.toml

@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ extract-eurostat = "padelnomics_extract.eurostat:main"
 extract-playtomic-tenants = "padelnomics_extract.playtomic_tenants:main"
 extract-playtomic-availability = "padelnomics_extract.playtomic_availability:main"
 extract-playtomic-recheck = "padelnomics_extract.playtomic_availability:main_recheck"
+extract-eurostat-city-labels = "padelnomics_extract.eurostat_city_labels:main"
+extract-census-usa = "padelnomics_extract.census_usa:main"
+extract-ons-uk = "padelnomics_extract.ons_uk:main"
+extract-geonames = "padelnomics_extract.geonames:main"
 
 [build-system]
 requires = ["hatchling"]