feat(seo): expand city coverage to 40 cities + DuckDB refresh script

- 22 new cities: Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Málaga (ES),
  Paris, Lyon, Marseille (FR), Milan, Rome (IT), Amsterdam (NL),
  Vienna (AT), Zurich (CH), Stockholm (SE), Lisbon, Porto (PT),
  Brussels (BE), Dubai (AE), Sydney, Melbourne (AU), Dublin (IE)
- Total: 40 cities × EN + DE = 80 articles
- refresh_from_daas.py: sync template_data from planner_defaults
  serving table; dry-run mode; graceful when analytics unavailable

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -6,6 +6,13 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/).
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+### Added
+- Expanded programmatic SEO city coverage from 18 to 40 cities (+22 cities across ES, FR,
+  IT, NL, AT, CH, SE, PT, BE, AE, AU, IE) — generates 80 articles (40 cities × EN + DE)
+- `scripts/refresh_from_daas.py`: syncs template_data rows from DuckDB `planner_defaults`
+  serving table; supports `--dry-run` and `--generate` flags; graceful no-op when DuckDB unavailable
+
+
 ### Added
 - `analytics.py`: DuckDB read-only reader (`open_analytics_db`, `close_analytics_db`,
   `fetch_analytics`) registered in app lifecycle (startup/shutdown)

padelnomics/web/src/padelnomics/scripts/refresh_from_daas.py

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+"""
+Refresh template_data rows from DuckDB analytics serving layer.
+
+Reads per-city market data from the `padelnomics.planner_defaults` serving table
+and overwrites matching static values in `template_data.data_json`.  This keeps
+article financial model inputs in sync with the real-world data pipeline output.
+
+Usage:
+    # Dry-run — show what would change without writing:
+    uv run python -m padelnomics.scripts.refresh_from_daas --dry-run
+
+    # Apply updates:
+    uv run python -m padelnomics.scripts.refresh_from_daas
+
+    # Also re-generate articles after updating:
+    uv run python -m padelnomics.scripts.refresh_from_daas --generate
+
+Graceful degradation:
+    - If DUCKDB_PATH is unset or the file doesn't exist, exits 0 with a warning.
+    - Cities not found in the analytics layer are left unchanged.
+    - Only fields with non-null values in the analytics layer are updated.
+
+Fields mapped (DuckDB → data_json camelCase key):
+    rate_peak       → ratePeak
+    rate_off_peak   → rateOffPeak
+    court_cost_dbl  → courtCostDbl
+    court_cost_sgl  → courtCostSgl
+    rent_sqm        → rentSqm
+    insurance       → insurance
+    electricity     → electricity
+    maintenance     → maintenance
+    marketing       → marketing
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import os
+import sqlite3
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
+load_dotenv()
+
+DATABASE_PATH = os.getenv("DATABASE_PATH", "data/app.db")
+DUCKDB_PATH = os.getenv("DUCKDB_PATH", "data/lakehouse.duckdb")
+
+# DuckDB column → data_json camelCase key
+_FIELD_MAP: dict[str, str] = {
+    "rate_peak":      "ratePeak",
+    "rate_off_peak":  "rateOffPeak",
+    "court_cost_dbl": "courtCostDbl",
+    "court_cost_sgl": "courtCostSgl",
+    "rent_sqm":       "rentSqm",
+    "insurance":      "insurance",
+    "electricity":    "electricity",
+    "maintenance":    "maintenance",
+    "marketing":      "marketing",
+}
+
+
+def _load_analytics(city_slugs: list[str]) -> dict[str, dict]:
+    """Query DuckDB for planner_defaults rows matching the given city slugs.
+
+    Returns dict of city_slug → {camelCase key: value}.
+    Returns {} if DuckDB is unavailable.
+    """
+    path = Path(DUCKDB_PATH)
+    if not path.exists():
+        print(f"  [analytics] DuckDB not found at {path} — skipping analytics refresh.")
+        return {}
+
+    try:
+        import duckdb
+    except ImportError:
+        print("  [analytics] duckdb not installed — skipping analytics refresh.")
+        return {}
+
+    result: dict[str, dict] = {}
+    try:
+        conn = duckdb.connect(str(path), read_only=True)
+        placeholders = ", ".join(["?"] * len(city_slugs))
+        rows = conn.execute(
+            f"SELECT * FROM padelnomics.planner_defaults WHERE city_slug IN ({placeholders})",
+            city_slugs,
+        ).fetchall()
+        cols = [d[0] for d in conn.description]
+        conn.close()
+
+        for row in rows:
+            row_dict = dict(zip(cols, row))
+            slug = row_dict["city_slug"]
+            overrides: dict = {}
+            for col, key in _FIELD_MAP.items():
+                val = row_dict.get(col)
+                if val is not None:
+                    overrides[key] = round(float(val))
+            result[slug] = overrides
+
+    except Exception as exc:
+        print(f"  [analytics] DuckDB query failed: {exc}")
+
+    return result
+
+
+def refresh(dry_run: bool = False) -> int:
+    """Update template_data rows from analytics. Returns count of rows updated."""
+    conn = sqlite3.connect(DATABASE_PATH)
+    conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
+
+    # Fetch all template_data rows that have a city_slug field
+    rows = conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id, template_id, data_json FROM template_data"
+    ).fetchall()
+
+    city_slug_to_ids: dict[str, list[int]] = {}
+    for row in rows:
+        try:
+            data = json.loads(row["data_json"])
+        except (json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError):
+            continue
+        slug = data.get("city_slug", "")
+        if slug:
+            city_slug_to_ids.setdefault(slug, []).append(row["id"])
+
+    if not city_slug_to_ids:
+        print("No template_data rows with city_slug found.")
+        conn.close()
+        return 0
+
+    analytics = _load_analytics(list(city_slug_to_ids.keys()))
+    if not analytics:
+        print("No analytics data found — nothing to update.")
+        conn.close()
+        return 0
+
+    updated = 0
+    for slug, overrides in analytics.items():
+        ids = city_slug_to_ids.get(slug, [])
+        if not ids:
+            continue
+
+        for row_id in ids:
+            row = conn.execute(
+                "SELECT data_json FROM template_data WHERE id = ?", (row_id,)
+            ).fetchone()
+            if not row:
+                continue
+
+            data = json.loads(row["data_json"])
+            changed = {k: v for k, v in overrides.items() if data.get(k) != v}
+            if not changed:
+                continue
+
+            data.update(overrides)
+            if dry_run:
+                print(f"  [dry-run] id={row_id} city_slug={slug}: {changed}")
+            else:
+                conn.execute(
+                    "UPDATE template_data SET data_json = ?, updated_at = datetime('now') WHERE id = ?",
+                    (json.dumps(data), row_id),
+                )
+                print(f"  Updated id={row_id} city_slug={slug}: {list(changed.keys())}")
+            updated += 1
+
+    if not dry_run:
+        conn.commit()
+
+    conn.close()
+    return updated
+
+
+def _trigger_generation() -> None:
+    """Trigger article generation via admin endpoint (requires running app)."""
+    import urllib.request
+    admin_key = os.getenv("ADMIN_API_KEY", "")
+    base_url = os.getenv("BASE_URL", "http://localhost:5000")
+    url = f"{base_url}/admin/generate-all"
+    assert admin_key, "ADMIN_API_KEY env var required to trigger generation"
+
+    req = urllib.request.Request(
+        url,
+        method="POST",
+        headers={"X-Admin-Key": admin_key},
+    )
+    with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=120) as resp:
+        print(f"  Generation triggered: HTTP {resp.status}")
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
+    parser.add_argument("--dry-run", action="store_true",
+                        help="Print changes without writing to DB")
+    parser.add_argument("--generate", action="store_true",
+                        help="Trigger article re-generation after updating")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    print(f"{'[DRY RUN] ' if args.dry_run else ''}Refreshing template_data from DuckDB…")
+    count = refresh(dry_run=args.dry_run)
+    print(f"{'Would update' if args.dry_run else 'Updated'} {count} rows.")
+
+    if args.generate and count > 0 and not args.dry_run:
+        print("Triggering article generation…")
+        _trigger_generation()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

padelnomics/web/src/padelnomics/scripts/seed_content.py

@@ -705,6 +705,609 @@ CITIES = [
         "rentSqm": 4, "electricity": 630, "heating": 440,
         "staff": 2100, "permitsCompliance": 10000, "utilTarget": 38,
     },
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ Spain
+    {
+        "city": "Madrid",
+        "city_slug_en": "madrid",
+        "city_slug_de": "madrid",
+        "country": "ES",
+        "country_name_en": "Spain",
+        "country_name_de": "Spanien",
+        "region": "Europe",
+        "population": "3.4M",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Madrid is the world's densest padel market, with over 5,000 courts "
+            "nationwide and the sport embedded in everyday culture. High utilisation "
+            "rates and a deeply padel-literate customer base make Madrid one of the "
+            "best-validated markets for new investment."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Madrid ist der weltweit dichteste Padelmarkt mit über 5.000 Courts "
+            "und dem Sport als fester Alltagskultur. Hohe Auslastungsraten und "
+            "eine padelerfahrene Kundschaft machen Madrid zu einem der "
+            "bestvalidiertesten Märkte für neue Investitionen."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": "",
+        "currency_note_de": "",
+        "dblCourts": 5, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 44, "rateOffPeak": 30,
+        "rentSqm": 6, "electricity": 580, "heating": 50,
+        "staff": 2200, "permitsCompliance": 25000, "utilTarget": 60,
+    },
+    {
+        "city": "Barcelona",
+        "city_slug_en": "barcelona",
+        "city_slug_de": "barcelona",
+        "country": "ES",
+        "country_name_en": "Spain",
+        "country_name_de": "Spanien",
+        "region": "Europe",
+        "population": "1.6M",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Barcelona combines a mature padel culture with year-round outdoor "
+            "conditions and strong tourism demand. Premium zones near the seafront "
+            "command higher rates, while suburban clubs operate at lower cost with "
+            "equally strong fill rates."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Barcelona verbindet eine reife Padelkultur mit ganzjährig "
+            "günstigen Outdoor-Bedingungen und starker Tourismusnachfrage. "
+            "Premium-Zonen nahe der Küste erzielen höhere Preise, während "
+            "Vorortclubs bei niedrigeren Kosten gleichstarke Belegung aufweisen."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": "",
+        "currency_note_de": "",
+        "dblCourts": 5, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 47, "rateOffPeak": 32,
+        "rentSqm": 8, "electricity": 590, "heating": 0,
+        "staff": 2300, "permitsCompliance": 22000, "utilTarget": 60,
+    },
+    {
+        "city": "Valencia",
+        "city_slug_en": "valencia",
+        "city_slug_de": "valencia",
+        "country": "ES",
+        "country_name_en": "Spain",
+        "country_name_de": "Spanien",
+        "region": "Europe",
+        "population": "800K",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Valencia offers a compelling cost-to-utilisation ratio. Commercial "
+            "rents are 30–40% below Madrid, warm winters allow year-round outdoor "
+            "play, and the padel culture is well established — making it one of "
+            "Spain's most attractive second-tier markets."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Valencia bietet ein überzeugendes Kosten-Auslastungs-Verhältnis. "
+            "Gewerbemieten liegen 30–40% unter Madrid, warme Winter ermöglichen "
+            "ganzjähriges Outdoor-Spiel, und die Padelkultur ist fest etabliert — "
+            "einer der attraktivsten spanischen Zweitplatzmärkte."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": "",
+        "currency_note_de": "",
+        "dblCourts": 4, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 38, "rateOffPeak": 26,
+        "rentSqm": 5, "electricity": 550, "heating": 0,
+        "staff": 1800, "permitsCompliance": 18000, "utilTarget": 55,
+    },
+    {
+        "city": "Seville",
+        "city_slug_en": "seville",
+        "city_slug_de": "sevilla",
+        "country": "ES",
+        "country_name_en": "Spain",
+        "country_name_de": "Spanien",
+        "region": "Europe",
+        "population": "690K",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Seville's hot, dry climate enables year-round outdoor padel, dramatically "
+            "lowering operating costs versus indoor-only markets. Strong local sports "
+            "culture and lower land prices combine to produce attractive returns for "
+            "early-mover operators."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Sevillas heißes, trockenes Klima ermöglicht ganzjähriges Outdoor-Padel "
+            "und senkt die Betriebskosten gegenüber reinen Innenmarktstandorten erheblich. "
+            "Starke lokale Sportkultur und niedrigere Grundstückspreise ergeben "
+            "attraktive Renditen für Erstanbieter."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": "",
+        "currency_note_de": "",
+        "dblCourts": 4, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 35, "rateOffPeak": 24,
+        "rentSqm": 4, "electricity": 520, "heating": 0,
+        "staff": 1600, "permitsCompliance": 20000, "utilTarget": 52,
+    },
+    {
+        "city": "Málaga",
+        "city_slug_en": "malaga",
+        "city_slug_de": "malaga",
+        "country": "ES",
+        "country_name_en": "Spain",
+        "country_name_de": "Spanien",
+        "region": "Europe",
+        "population": "580K",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Málaga's status as a major expat and tourism hub creates dual revenue "
+            "streams: local membership and high-rate tourist bookings. The city's "
+            "tech scene and growing digital-nomad community add a further demographic "
+            "of high-frequency casual players."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Málagas Status als bedeutendes Expat- und Tourismuszentrum schafft "
+            "zwei Einnahmequellen: lokale Mitgliedschaften und hochpreisige Touristenbuchungen. "
+            "Die Tech-Szene und wachsende Digital-Nomad-Gemeinschaft der Stadt schaffen "
+            "eine weitere Demografie hochfrequenter Gelegenheitsspieler."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": "",
+        "currency_note_de": "",
+        "dblCourts": 4, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 42, "rateOffPeak": 28,
+        "rentSqm": 5, "electricity": 540, "heating": 0,
+        "staff": 1700, "permitsCompliance": 18000, "utilTarget": 53,
+    },
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ France
+    {
+        "city": "Paris",
+        "city_slug_en": "paris",
+        "city_slug_de": "paris",
+        "country": "FR",
+        "country_name_en": "France",
+        "country_name_de": "Frankreich",
+        "region": "Europe",
+        "population": "2.1M (metro 12M)",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Paris is France's largest and fastest-growing padel market, with demand "
+            "significantly outpacing supply. High disposable incomes, an appetite for "
+            "premium sports experiences, and tight commercial space keep prices elevated "
+            "but support strong utilisation."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Paris ist Frankreichs größter und am schnellsten wachsender Padelmarkt, "
+            "mit deutlich überschüssiger Nachfrage. Hohe verfügbare Einkommen, "
+            "Nachfrage nach Premium-Sporterfahrungen und knappes Gewerbeflächenangebot "
+            "halten die Preise hoch und stützen eine starke Auslastung."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": "",
+        "currency_note_de": "",
+        "dblCourts": 4, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 58, "rateOffPeak": 40,
+        "rentSqm": 12, "electricity": 620, "heating": 330,
+        "staff": 3000, "permitsCompliance": 15000, "utilTarget": 47,
+    },
+    {
+        "city": "Lyon",
+        "city_slug_en": "lyon",
+        "city_slug_de": "lyon",
+        "country": "FR",
+        "country_name_en": "France",
+        "country_name_de": "Frankreich",
+        "region": "Europe",
+        "population": "520K (metro 2.3M)",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Lyon has emerged as one of France's most active provincial padel markets, "
+            "backed by a large student and professional population. Lower rents than "
+            "Paris and a growing club network make it an attractive second-city opportunity."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Lyon hat sich als einer der aktivsten provinziellen Padelmärkte Frankreichs "
+            "etabliert, getragen von einer großen Studenten- und Berufsschicht. "
+            "Günstigere Mieten als Paris und ein wachsendes Clubnetzwerk machen "
+            "es zu einer attraktiven Zweitstadtchance."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": "",
+        "currency_note_de": "",
+        "dblCourts": 4, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 42, "rateOffPeak": 30,
+        "rentSqm": 6, "electricity": 560, "heating": 280,
+        "staff": 2000, "permitsCompliance": 12000, "utilTarget": 40,
+    },
+    {
+        "city": "Marseille",
+        "city_slug_en": "marseille",
+        "city_slug_de": "marseille",
+        "country": "FR",
+        "country_name_en": "France",
+        "country_name_de": "Frankreich",
+        "region": "Europe",
+        "population": "870K",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Marseille's Mediterranean climate reduces heating costs significantly "
+            "and extends the viable outdoor season. As France's second city by size, "
+            "it offers deep demographic reach at commercial rents well below Paris or Lyon."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Marseilles Mittelmeerklima senkt die Heizkosten erheblich und verlängert "
+            "die nutzbare Outdoor-Saison. Als zweitgrößte Stadt Frankreichs bietet sie "
+            "demographische Tiefe bei Gewerbemieten weit unter Paris oder Lyon."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": "",
+        "currency_note_de": "",
+        "dblCourts": 4, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 38, "rateOffPeak": 27,
+        "rentSqm": 5, "electricity": 540, "heating": 100,
+        "staff": 1700, "permitsCompliance": 12000, "utilTarget": 40,
+    },
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ Italy
+    {
+        "city": "Milan",
+        "city_slug_en": "milan",
+        "city_slug_de": "mailand",
+        "country": "IT",
+        "country_name_en": "Italy",
+        "country_name_de": "Italien",
+        "region": "Europe",
+        "population": "1.4M (metro 3.2M)",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Milan leads Italy's padel expansion, fuelled by high disposable incomes "
+            "and a business culture that treats sport as a social currency. Demand from "
+            "corporate accounts is particularly strong, with firms booking courts "
+            "for team activities and client entertainment."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Mailand führt Italiens Padelexpansion an, angetrieben durch hohes "
+            "verfügbares Einkommen und eine Geschäftskultur, die Sport als soziale "
+            "Währung betrachtet. Die Nachfrage von Firmenkonten ist besonders stark, "
+            "da Unternehmen Courts für Teamaktivitäten und Kundenunterhaltung buchen."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": "",
+        "currency_note_de": "",
+        "dblCourts": 4, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 52, "rateOffPeak": 36,
+        "rentSqm": 9, "electricity": 730, "heating": 400,
+        "staff": 2500, "permitsCompliance": 18000, "utilTarget": 46,
+    },
+    {
+        "city": "Rome",
+        "city_slug_en": "rome",
+        "city_slug_de": "rom",
+        "country": "IT",
+        "country_name_en": "Italy",
+        "country_name_de": "Italien",
+        "region": "Europe",
+        "population": "2.8M",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Rome's mild winters and vast population base underpin a rapidly growing "
+            "padel market. Outdoor courts operate profitably year-round, reducing "
+            "CAPEX versus fully enclosed facilities. Central government facilities "
+            "and sports club conversions dominate early supply."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Roms milde Winter und riesige Bevölkerungsbasis stützen einen schnell "
+            "wachsenden Padelmarkt. Outdoor-Courts arbeiten ganzjährig profitabel, "
+            "was den CAPEX gegenüber vollständig geschlossenen Anlagen reduziert. "
+            "Staatliche Anlagen und Sportclubumbauten dominieren das frühe Angebot."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": "",
+        "currency_note_de": "",
+        "dblCourts": 4, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 46, "rateOffPeak": 32,
+        "rentSqm": 7, "electricity": 700, "heating": 200,
+        "staff": 2200, "permitsCompliance": 20000, "utilTarget": 43,
+    },
+    # ---------------------------------------------- Netherlands
+    {
+        "city": "Amsterdam",
+        "city_slug_en": "amsterdam",
+        "city_slug_de": "amsterdam",
+        "country": "NL",
+        "country_name_en": "Netherlands",
+        "country_name_de": "Niederlande",
+        "region": "Europe",
+        "population": "920K",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Amsterdam combines a sports-active, internationally minded population "
+            "with one of Europe's highest purchasing powers. The city's compact geography "
+            "and limited available space push operators toward efficient indoor multi-court "
+            "venues, justifying premium pricing."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Amsterdam verbindet eine sportaktive, international ausgerichtete Bevölkerung "
+            "mit einer der höchsten Kaufkräfte Europas. Die kompakte Geografie und begrenzte "
+            "Verfügbarkeit von Räumlichkeiten drängen Betreiber zu effizienten Indoor-"
+            "Mehrcourt-Anlagen und rechtfertigen Premium-Preise."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": "",
+        "currency_note_de": "",
+        "dblCourts": 4, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 54, "rateOffPeak": 38,
+        "rentSqm": 10, "electricity": 660, "heating": 460,
+        "staff": 2800, "permitsCompliance": 10000, "utilTarget": 43,
+    },
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------- Austria
+    {
+        "city": "Vienna",
+        "city_slug_en": "vienna",
+        "city_slug_de": "wien",
+        "country": "AT",
+        "country_name_en": "Austria",
+        "country_name_de": "Österreich",
+        "region": "Europe",
+        "population": "1.9M",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Vienna is Austria's dominant padel market and one of Central Europe's "
+            "fastest-growing cities for the sport. A large English-speaking expat "
+            "community and high real incomes drive premium bookings, particularly "
+            "in the first and third districts."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Wien ist Österreichs dominanter Padelmarkt und eine der am schnellsten "
+            "wachsenden Städte für den Sport in Mitteleuropa. Eine große englischsprachige "
+            "Expat-Gemeinschaft und hohe Realeinkommen treiben Premium-Buchungen an, "
+            "insbesondere im ersten und dritten Bezirk."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": "",
+        "currency_note_de": "",
+        "dblCourts": 4, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 50, "rateOffPeak": 35,
+        "rentSqm": 7, "electricity": 610, "heating": 510,
+        "staff": 2400, "permitsCompliance": 14000, "utilTarget": 42,
+    },
+    # --------------------------------------------------------------- Switzerland
+    {
+        "city": "Zurich",
+        "city_slug_en": "zurich",
+        "city_slug_de": "zuerich",
+        "country": "CH",
+        "country_name_en": "Switzerland",
+        "country_name_de": "Schweiz",
+        "region": "Europe",
+        "population": "440K (metro 1.4M)",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Zurich is Europe's most expensive padel market, driven by the highest "
+            "average wages on the continent. Players expect premium facilities and "
+            "are willing to pay for them — average court rates are 60–80% above "
+            "comparable German cities. Staff costs are the single largest operating "
+            "line item."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Zürich ist Europas teuerster Padelmarkt, angetrieben durch die höchsten "
+            "Durchschnittslöhne des Kontinents. Spieler erwarten Premium-Anlagen und "
+            "sind bereit, dafür zu zahlen — durchschnittliche Courtpreise liegen 60–80% "
+            "über vergleichbaren deutschen Städten. Personalkosten sind die größte "
+            "Einzelposition im Betrieb."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": _EUR_NOTE_EN,
+        "currency_note_de": _EUR_NOTE_DE,
+        "dblCourts": 4, "sglCourts": 1,
+        "ratePeak": 75, "rateOffPeak": 52,
+        "rentSqm": 15, "electricity": 500, "heating": 480,
+        "staff": 4500, "permitsCompliance": 15000, "utilTarget": 45,
+    },
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ Sweden
+    {
+        "city": "Stockholm",
+        "city_slug_en": "stockholm",
+        "city_slug_de": "stockholm",
+        "country": "SE",
+        "country_name_en": "Sweden",
+        "country_name_de": "Schweden",
+        "region": "Europe",
+        "population": "980K",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Stockholm has the highest padel court-per-capita ratio in the world outside "
+            "Spain. The sport is deeply embedded in Swedish corporate and social culture — "
+            "padel after work is a fixture for office teams. Indoor venues dominate "
+            "given the long winter, but cheap electricity (largely hydropower) keeps "
+            "operating costs manageable."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Stockholm hat das weltweit höchste Padel-Court-pro-Kopf-Verhältnis außerhalb "
+            "Spaniens. Der Sport ist tief in der schwedischen Unternehmens- und Sozialkultur "
+            "verankert. Indoor-Anlagen dominieren aufgrund des langen Winters, aber günstige "
+            "Elektrizität (größtenteils Wasserkraft) hält die Betriebskosten beherrschbar."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": _EUR_NOTE_EN,
+        "currency_note_de": _EUR_NOTE_DE,
+        "dblCourts": 4, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 62, "rateOffPeak": 44,
+        "rentSqm": 8, "electricity": 390, "heating": 650,
+        "staff": 3200, "permitsCompliance": 8000, "utilTarget": 46,
+    },
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------- Portugal
+    {
+        "city": "Lisbon",
+        "city_slug_en": "lisbon",
+        "city_slug_de": "lissabon",
+        "country": "PT",
+        "country_name_en": "Portugal",
+        "country_name_de": "Portugal",
+        "region": "Europe",
+        "population": "550K (metro 2.8M)",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Lisbon is one of Europe's fastest-growing padel markets, driven by an "
+            "influx of international residents and a warm climate that minimises "
+            "heating costs. Court rates are rising rapidly as demand outpaces supply, "
+            "making early-mover advantage particularly valuable."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Lissabon ist einer der am schnellsten wachsenden Padelmärkte Europas, "
+            "angetrieben durch einen Zustrom internationaler Einwohner und ein warmes "
+            "Klima, das Heizkosten minimiert. Courtpreise steigen rapide, da die Nachfrage "
+            "das Angebot übersteigt — der Erstanbieter-Vorteil ist besonders wertvoll."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": "",
+        "currency_note_de": "",
+        "dblCourts": 4, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 38, "rateOffPeak": 26,
+        "rentSqm": 6, "electricity": 540, "heating": 80,
+        "staff": 1700, "permitsCompliance": 12000, "utilTarget": 52,
+    },
+    {
+        "city": "Porto",
+        "city_slug_en": "porto",
+        "city_slug_de": "porto",
+        "country": "PT",
+        "country_name_en": "Portugal",
+        "country_name_de": "Portugal",
+        "region": "Europe",
+        "population": "240K (metro 1.7M)",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Porto offers the most accessible padel investment entry point in Western Europe. "
+            "Commercial rents are among the lowest of any major city in this report, "
+            "the growing tech sector is driving demand, and the mild Atlantic climate "
+            "supports year-round play without heating infrastructure."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Porto bietet den günstigsten Padelinvestitions-Einstiegspunkt in Westeuropa. "
+            "Gewerbemieten gehören zu den niedrigsten aller Großstädte in diesem Bericht, "
+            "der wachsende Tech-Sektor treibt die Nachfrage, und das milde Atlantikklima "
+            "unterstützt ganzjähriges Spiel ohne Heizinfrastruktur."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": "",
+        "currency_note_de": "",
+        "dblCourts": 3, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 32, "rateOffPeak": 22,
+        "rentSqm": 4, "electricity": 500, "heating": 50,
+        "staff": 1400, "permitsCompliance": 10000, "utilTarget": 48,
+    },
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------- Belgium
+    {
+        "city": "Brussels",
+        "city_slug_en": "brussels",
+        "city_slug_de": "bruessel",
+        "country": "BE",
+        "country_name_en": "Belgium",
+        "country_name_de": "Belgien",
+        "region": "Europe",
+        "population": "1.2M (metro 2.1M)",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Brussels benefits from a large international civil-servant and lobbying "
+            "community with high disposable incomes and a taste for premium leisure. "
+            "Belgium's electricity costs are among Europe's highest, making energy "
+            "efficiency a critical factor in site selection."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Brüssel profitiert von einer großen internationalen Beamten- und "
+            "Lobbyisten-Gemeinschaft mit hohem verfügbarem Einkommen. Belgiens "
+            "Stromkosten gehören zu den höchsten Europas — Energieeffizienz ist "
+            "ein entscheidender Faktor bei der Standortwahl."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": "",
+        "currency_note_de": "",
+        "dblCourts": 4, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 50, "rateOffPeak": 35,
+        "rentSqm": 8, "electricity": 660, "heating": 450,
+        "staff": 2600, "permitsCompliance": 12000, "utilTarget": 41,
+    },
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------- UAE
+    {
+        "city": "Dubai",
+        "city_slug_en": "dubai",
+        "city_slug_de": "dubai",
+        "country": "AE",
+        "country_name_en": "UAE",
+        "country_name_de": "Vereinigte Arabische Emirate",
+        "region": "Middle East",
+        "population": "3.7M",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Dubai is the fastest-growing padel market in the Middle East, "
+            "with investment from European club operators and locally founded chains "
+            "expanding rapidly. Year-round outdoor conditions, no income tax, "
+            "and a high-earning expat population create exceptional unit economics. "
+            "AC costs replace heating but are heavily subsidised."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Dubai ist der am schnellsten wachsende Padelmarkt im Nahen Osten, "
+            "mit Investitionen europäischer Clubbetreiber und lokaler Ketten. "
+            "Ganzjährige Outdoor-Bedingungen, keine Einkommensteuer und "
+            "eine gut verdienende Expat-Bevölkerung schaffen außergewöhnliche Unit Economics. "
+            "AC-Kosten ersetzen Heizung, sind aber stark subventioniert."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": _EUR_NOTE_EN,
+        "currency_note_de": _EUR_NOTE_DE,
+        "dblCourts": 6, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 85, "rateOffPeak": 58,
+        "rentSqm": 5, "electricity": 380, "heating": 0,
+        "staff": 4200, "permitsCompliance": 20000, "utilTarget": 58,
+    },
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------- Australia
+    {
+        "city": "Sydney",
+        "city_slug_en": "sydney",
+        "city_slug_de": "sydney",
+        "country": "AU",
+        "country_name_en": "Australia",
+        "country_name_de": "Australien",
+        "region": "Asia Pacific",
+        "population": "5.3M",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Sydney is Australia's largest and most developed padel market, "
+            "with supply ramping rapidly since 2022. High commercial rents and "
+            "electricity costs require strong utilisation to break even, but the "
+            "city's affluent coastal suburbs produce premium booking rates and "
+            "membership uptake above European benchmarks."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Sydney ist Australiens größter und am weitesten entwickelter Padelmarkt, "
+            "mit rasant steigendem Angebot seit 2022. Hohe Gewerberaum- und Stromkosten "
+            "erfordern eine starke Auslastung, aber die wohlhabenden Küstenvorortee "
+            "der Stadt erzielen Premium-Buchungsraten über europäischen Benchmarks."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": _EUR_NOTE_EN,
+        "currency_note_de": _EUR_NOTE_DE,
+        "dblCourts": 5, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 68, "rateOffPeak": 48,
+        "rentSqm": 6, "electricity": 760, "heating": 80,
+        "staff": 3600, "permitsCompliance": 18000, "utilTarget": 50,
+    },
+    {
+        "city": "Melbourne",
+        "city_slug_en": "melbourne",
+        "city_slug_de": "melbourne",
+        "country": "AU",
+        "country_name_en": "Australia",
+        "country_name_de": "Australien",
+        "region": "Asia Pacific",
+        "population": "5.1M",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Melbourne's four-seasons climate and strong indoor-sport infrastructure "
+            "make it well suited to padel. The city trails Sydney in court density "
+            "but benefits from somewhat lower commercial rents and a sports culture "
+            "that is quick to adopt new racket sports."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Melbournes Vier-Jahreszeiten-Klima und starke Hallensport-Infrastruktur "
+            "machen es gut geeignet für Padel. Die Stadt liegt hinter Sydney in "
+            "der Court-Dichte, profitiert aber von etwas niedrigeren Gewerbemieten "
+            "und einer Sportkultur, die neue Racketsportarten schnell annimmt."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": _EUR_NOTE_EN,
+        "currency_note_de": _EUR_NOTE_DE,
+        "dblCourts": 5, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 62, "rateOffPeak": 44,
+        "rentSqm": 5, "electricity": 700, "heating": 100,
+        "staff": 3200, "permitsCompliance": 16000, "utilTarget": 47,
+    },
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------- Ireland
+    {
+        "city": "Dublin",
+        "city_slug_en": "dublin",
+        "city_slug_de": "dublin",
+        "country": "IE",
+        "country_name_en": "Ireland",
+        "country_name_de": "Irland",
+        "region": "Europe",
+        "population": "1.4M",
+        "padel_context_en": (
+            "Dublin's booming tech sector and large young professional population "
+            "have driven rapid uptake of padel since 2022. Ireland's electricity "
+            "costs are among Europe's highest, significantly impacting operating "
+            "margins — energy-efficient site design is essential."
+        ),
+        "padel_context_de": (
+            "Dublins boomender Tech-Sektor und eine große junge Berufsschicht "
+            "haben seit 2022 eine rasche Padeladoption angetrieben. Irlands Stromkosten "
+            "gehören zu den höchsten Europas und belasten die Betriebsmargen erheblich — "
+            "energieeffizientes Standortdesign ist unerlässlich."
+        ),
+        "currency_note_en": "",
+        "currency_note_de": "",
+        "dblCourts": 4, "sglCourts": 2,
+        "ratePeak": 55, "rateOffPeak": 38,
+        "rentSqm": 9, "electricity": 800, "heating": 460,
+        "staff": 2900, "permitsCompliance": 12000, "utilTarget": 42,
+    },
 ]
 
 # Calc fields that get passed to the financial model (must match DEFAULTS keys)