cac3b3b324
Move historical docs from docs/ and .claude/ to research/. Add superseded notice to research/PLAN.md. Add CHANGELOG entries for previous fixes. New: PROJECT.md (task tracker), docs/MARKETING.md (marketing strategy). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
53 KiB
Padel Club Financial Model — Market Research Report
February 2026 · Germany / United Kingdom / United States
Currency conversions used throughout: £1 = €1.20 · $1 = €0.95 All values converted to EUR to match the financial model (EUR-only).
How to Use This Report
This report maps directly to the per-city override fields in seed_content.py:
| Field | Unit | Section |
|---|---|---|
ratePeak |
EUR/hr per court | §2–4 Court Hire Rates |
rateOffPeak |
EUR/hr per court | §2–4 Court Hire Rates |
rentSqm |
EUR/sqm/month | §5 Commercial Rent |
electricity |
EUR/month (facility total) | §6 Operating Costs |
heating |
EUR/month (facility total) | §6 Operating Costs |
staff |
EUR/month (total employer cost) | §6 Operating Costs |
permitsCompliance |
EUR one-time | §7 CAPEX & Permits |
utilTarget |
% (e.g. 0.30 = 30%) | §8 Recommended Values |
Country-level CAPEX benchmarks (court construction, hall build cost, land) are documented for reference but are not city-specific model inputs in V1.
2. Court Hire Rates — Germany
Rates are per court per hour (full court, 4 players). Off-peak = weekday daytime before ~17:00; peak = evenings and weekends.
| City | Off-Peak (€/hr) | Peak (€/hr) | Confidence | Key Venue / Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berlin | €33 | €46 | ✅ High | Playskan city avg; Padel Berlin outdoor €37/indoor €46 |
| Munich | €30 | €42 | ⚠️ Est. | No public pricing; estimated from city market position |
| Hamburg | €26 | €36 | ✅ Medium | Padelon: double court €30 flat; single court €20 |
| Frankfurt | €24 | €28 | ✅ High | Padel Frankfurt: €24 off-peak / €28 peak (confirmed) |
| Cologne | €22 | €27 | ✅ High | Padel Walls: €22 daytime / €26 evening (confirmed) |
| Düsseldorf | €30 | €42 | ⚠️ Est. | TG Nord guest €48 (members club outlier); commercial est. |
| Stuttgart | €26 | €38 | ✅ Medium | Stuttgart Padel 45-min slots: €34/€44 per 4 players = €45/€59/hr; adjusted down for typical 60-min model |
| Leipzig | €18 | €26 | ⚠️ Est. | PadelCity Leipzig (Nov 2024 opening); app-only pricing |
Industry context: Playtomic Global Padel Report 2025 shows Germany average GMV per court rose 48% YoY to €4,000/month. At 30% utilisation and ~450 bookable slots/month, this implies a blended rate of ~€30/hr — consistent with the figures above.
Sources: Playskan, Padelberlin.de, Padelon Hamburg, Padel Frankfurt / padelfinder.de, Padel Walls Cologne, Stuttgart Padel, Playtomic Global Padel Report 2025
3. Court Hire Rates — United Kingdom
Rates confirmed from aggregators (Playskan, TimeOut), direct venue pages, and Powerleague data. Listed in GBP first, then EUR.
| City | Off-Peak (£/hr) | Peak (£/hr) | Off-Peak (€/hr) | Peak (€/hr) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| London | £25–35 | £45–60 | €30–42 | €54–72 | TimeOut map (Mar 2025); Rocket Padel £20, Padel Social Club £50, The Padel Yard £60 |
| Manchester | £30 | £45 | €36 | €54 | Powerleague Ardwick; DesignMyNight avg £38 blended |
| Birmingham | £22 | £35 | €26 | €42 | Powerleague Birmingham (Jul 2024); Playskan avg £31 |
| Edinburgh | £18 | £28 | €22 | €34 | LTA Padel Edinburgh; Playskan avg £24 blended |
Notes:
- London range is extremely wide (£20 suburban Zone 4 → £60 premium Zone 1). Model values use a mid-market estimate (not budget, not flagship).
- Indoor courts cost 15–25% more than outdoor across all UK cities.
- Off-peak/peak price gap is typically 10–30%; the figures above use the midpoint of reported ranges.
Sources: TimeOut London Padel Map (March 2025), Playskan UK, Powerleague Padel Birmingham, Powerleague Manchester, LTA Padel Edinburgh
4. Court Hire Rates — United States
Listed in USD first, then EUR (×0.95). US padel is emerging but already price-leading globally in gateway cities.
| City | Off-Peak ($/hr) | Peak ($/hr) | Off-Peak (€/hr) | Peak (€/hr) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miami | $40 | $60 | €38 | €57 | Ultra Padel: $25/player/90 min outdoor; One Padel Indoor ~$56/court |
| New York | $60 | $110 | €57 | €105 | Padel Haus Brooklyn: $55/person/hr peak (4 players = $220/court); off-peak ~$60 |
| Los Angeles | $60 | $100 | €57 | €95 | The Padel Courts Hollywood: $100/hr Premier; $50 Mini |
| Dallas | $20 | $30 | €19 | €28 | Padel39: $30/90-min drop-in (~$20/hr full court) |
| Austin | $20 | $30 | €19 | €28 | Padel39 Austin: $30/90 min |
| Chicago | $28 | $42 | €27 | €40 | Union Padel Club: $35/hr non-member (opened Jan 2026) |
Notes:
- NYC pricing is the highest in the world for a commercial club. Padel Haus's $55/person rate is for 4-player courts → $220/court/hour at peak. This is real pricing for this venue, but the model uses a more conservative estimate of $110/hr peak to reflect market positioning for a hypothetical new entrant.
- Ultra Padel Miami (26 courts, largest US facility) charges ~$45–50/court/hour; smaller indoor clubs charge more.
- Sun Belt cities (Dallas, Austin, Miami) see strong outdoor padel demand; Chicago and NYC are predominantly indoor.
Sources: Ultra Padel Miami, Padel Haus Brooklyn, The Padel Courts LA, Padel39, Union Padel Club Chicago
5. Commercial Rent by City
Padel clubs typically occupy 800–2,000 sqm of industrial/warehouse/sports hall space (not retail). Rents are for that category unless noted.
Germany — Industrial/Warehouse Rent (€/sqm/month)
Data from Realogis H1 2024 Mietpreiskarte and Statista.
| City | Rent (€/sqm/mo) | Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Munich | €10.50 | €9.00–12.00 | Top-tier logistics market; prime rents at record high |
| Berlin | €10.50 | €9.00–12.00 | Comparable to Munich; strong demand |
| Hamburg | €9.00 | €8.00–10.50 | Key northern port logistics hub |
| Frankfurt | €7.95 | €7.00–9.50 | Realogis confirmed 2024 |
| Cologne | €8.25 | €7.50–9.00 | prim logistics corridor |
| Düsseldorf | €7.50 | €7.00–8.25 | Realogis H1 2024 |
| Stuttgart | €8.00 | €7.50–8.50 | Realogis H1 2024 |
| Leipzig | €5.90 | €5.00–7.00 | Eastern Germany discount |
Source: Realogis Mietpreiskarte H1 2024, Statista DE industrial rents
United Kingdom — Industrial/Commercial Rent (EUR/sqm/month)
UK rents are published in £/sqft/year; converted here. 1 sqft = 0.093 sqm → 1 sqft/year = 10.76 sqm/year.
| City | £/sqft/year | £/sqm/month | €/sqm/month | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| London (inner) | £25–35 | £22–31 | €26–37 | M25 industrial prime; padel clubs use Zone 3–5 space at lower end |
| London (model) | £22 | £20 | €24 | Mid-market Zone 3–4 warehouse; used in model |
| Manchester | £7–9 | £6.3–8.1 | €8 | Powerleague Ardwick-style industrial |
| Birmingham | £6–8 | £5.4–7.2 | €7 | Midlands Golden Triangle |
| Edinburgh | £4–6 | £3.6–5.4 | €5 | Scotland discount; less dense logistics market |
Source: Lambert Smith Hampton Industrial Land Values 2022, Statista UK Industrial Construction Cost 2024
United States — Industrial Lease Rates (EUR/sqm/month)
US rents are published in $/sqft/year; converted. Data from CommercialEdge and CoStar.
| City | $/sqft/year | $/sqm/month | €/sqm/month | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miami | $21.00 | $18.8 | €18 | CommercialEdge Q2 2025 avg gross lease; South Florida +9.6% YoY |
| New York | $25–30 | $22.4–26.8 | €23 | NYC/NJ industrial proxy; Brooklyn commercial median high |
| Los Angeles | $14–17 | $12.5–15.3 | €13 | CommercialEdge; 11.6% YoY growth |
| Dallas | $7–11 | $6.3–9.8 | €8 | Low-cost Texas industrial |
| Austin | $8–12 | $7.2–10.8 | €9 | Slightly above Dallas (tech hub premium) |
| Chicago | $8–12 | $7.2–10.8 | €8 | Midwest moderate |
Source: CommercialEdge National Industrial Report Aug 2024, Built World Advisors Miami Q4 2025
6. Operating Costs by Country
Electricity
Germany — Gewerbestrom (commercial electricity, <100,000 kWh/year tier):
| Consumption tier | Rate (ct/kWh) | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Small commercial (10,000 kWh/yr) | 31.1 ct | 2025 |
| Medium commercial (50 MWh/yr) | 30.5 ct | Apr 2024 |
| New contracts, mid-size (100,000 kWh/yr) | 25.0 ct | Mid 2024 |
| Industrial (20–70 GWh/yr) | 15.8 ct | 2025 |
A 4–6 court indoor facility consumes 100,000–200,000 kWh/year → commercial-tier rate **€0.25–0.30/kWh**. Monthly electricity cost: €2,000–€4,500.
Sources: Strom-Report Gewerbestrom, BDEW Strompreisanalyse, GlobalPetrolPrices Germany
United Kingdom — Non-domestic electricity:
| Period | Rate (p/kWh) |
|---|---|
| Q4 2024 Ofgem non-domestic average | 26.0p |
| April 2025 range | 25.7–27.5p |
| Fixed 1-year contracts, June 2025 | 21.7–23.9p |
Monthly estimate for 4–6 court indoor UK facility: £2,100–£3,900/month (8,000–15,000 kWh/month at 25p).
Source: Business Energy Deals Feb 2026, Utility4Business 2025
United States — Commercial electricity by state (EIA, 2024 avg):
| State | Rate (ct/kWh) | Monthly bill (20,000 kWh) | EUR equiv. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Texas | 9.0¢ | $1,800 | €1,710 |
| Florida | 12.0¢ | $2,400 | €2,280 |
| Illinois | 11.0¢ | $2,200 | €2,090 |
| New York | 17.0¢ | $3,400 | €3,230 |
| California | 22.0¢ | $4,400 | €4,180 |
Source: EIA Electric Power Monthly 2024, ElectricChoice.com by State Feb 2026
Staff Costs
Germany — Key wage benchmarks (2025):
| Role | Basis | Gross monthly | Employer cost (+22% social) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum wage | €12.82/hr × 173 hrs | €2,218 | €2,706 |
| Cleaner (Gebäudereinigung tariff) | €14.25/hr, 20 hrs/week | €1,235 | €1,507 |
| Reception staff | National avg full-time | €2,051 | €2,502 |
| Fitness/sports trainer | Avg full-time | €2,800 | €3,416 |
| Total: lean 4-court club | 2 reception + 1 coach + 1 cleaner | €8,109 gross | ~€9,900/month |
| Total: full 6-court club | + manager | €11,609 gross | ~€14,200/month |
Sources: Mindestlohn 2025 / Fairgueten.de, Reinigungskraft tariff / Blink.de, Stepstone Empfangsbereich 2025
United Kingdom — Key wage benchmarks (2025):
| Role | Rate | Monthly cost |
|---|---|---|
| National Living Wage (21+) | £12.21/hr | — |
| Receptionist (sports/leisure) | £12–17.50/hr | £2,080–£3,033 |
| Padel coach | £26–40/hr; avg ~£35/hr | £4,550 full-time |
| Cleaner | £13–15/hr | £1,127 (20 hrs/wk) |
| Total: lean 4-court club wages | 2 reception + 2 coaches + 1 cleaner | ~£12,740/month |
| Total employer cost (+ NI 15% + pension 3%) | ~£15,200/month = €18,240 |
Sources: GOV.UK NLW 2025, Glassdoor UK Padel Coach
United States — Key wage benchmarks (2025):
| State | Min wage | Gym receptionist avg | Padel coach avg | Cleaner (BLS median) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal | $7.25 | — | — | — |
| Florida | $14.00 | $18.22/hr | $19.70/hr | $17.27/hr |
| California | $16.90 | $18.22/hr | $40.71/hr (Hi Padel) | $17.27/hr |
| Texas | $7.25 | $18.22/hr | $19.70/hr | $17.27/hr |
| Illinois | $15.00 | $18.22/hr | $19.70/hr | $17.27/hr |
| New York (NYC) | $17.00 | $18.22/hr | $19.70/hr | $17.27/hr |
Total monthly payroll benchmark (6-court US club, 6.5 FTE staff): ~$23,700/month ≈ €22,515/month
Sources: ZipRecruiter Padel Coach Salary Dec 2025, BLS Janitors & Cleaners OES 2023, BusinessDojo Padel Club Operating Expenses 2026
7. CAPEX Benchmarks by Country
Court Construction Cost (per double court)
| Market | Range | Typical | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Germany (structure only) | €25,000–€35,000 | €30,000 | Outdoor; panoramic glass adds ~30% |
| Germany (complete outdoor incl. foundation) | €50,000–€80,000 | €65,000 | Site prep, lighting, fencing included |
| Europe (supply-only entry-level) | €18,000–€25,000 | €20,000 | ex-works, no installation |
| Europe (WPT-spec panoramic) | €35,000–€45,000 | €40,000 | Premium finish |
| United States | $24,000–$65,000 | $45,000 | Higher installation labour |
| United Kingdom | £18,000–£35,000 | £25,000 | Comparable to European rates |
Sources: Padel-Test.de court costs, Sports Venue Calculator cost guide, TennisTraveller.net build special
Hall/Building Construction Cost (per sqm)
| Country | Range (€/sqm) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Germany (steel sports hall) | €700–€1,100/sqm | BKI 2024; Gymnastikhalle ~€950/sqm base |
| Germany (new purpose-built, full fit-out) | €1,900–€2,250/sqm | BKI data for Sporthallen with tribune |
| United Kingdom (new-build sports hall) | €1,200–€1,800/sqm | £1,000–1,500/sqm; Sport England benchmarks |
| United States (commercial/sports) | €513–€713/sqm | $50–70/sqft Arrant Construction; lower fit-out spec |
Sources: BKI Kostenrahmen Sporthallen 2024, Arrant Construction Sports Facility Texas 2026
Permits & Compliance Budget
| Country | Method | Typical amount |
|---|---|---|
| Germany | 0.5% of construction value + plan-check + statutory inspections | €15,000–€37,500 for a €1.5–2.5M build |
| Germany (change-of-use only) | Nutzungsänderung flat fee | €500–€5,000 |
| United Kingdom | £635/75sqm band (1,000–3,750sqm building); plus noise survey, planning consultant | €12,000–€22,000 total |
| USA (Florida/Broward) | 1.85% of job valuation (RS Means) + DCA 1.5% surcharge | €20,000–€35,000 |
| USA (NYC) | $100 + $13 per $1,000 of construction cost | €15,000–€30,000 |
| USA (CA) | 1–5% of project value | €20,000–€50,000 |
| USA (Texas) | 0.5–2% of project value | €12,000–€25,000 |
Sources: Ofina.de Bauantrag Kosten, GOV.UK planning fees from April 2025, Broward County Fee Schedule PDF, NYC DOB Permit Fee Structure, HomeGuide Building Permit Costs 2026
8. Recommended Seed Script Values per City
The table below provides recommended values for each input field, ready to plug into seed_content.py. All values are in EUR (or unitless for ratios). Values marked ⚠️ are estimates where direct data is sparse; verify before production use.
Germany — 8 Cities
| City | ratePeak |
rateOffPeak |
rentSqm |
electricity |
heating |
staff |
permitsCompliance |
utilTarget |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berlin | 46 | 33 | 10.50 | 3,000 | 1,200 | 11,000 | 28,000 | 0.35 |
| Munich | 42 | 30 | 10.50 | 3,200 | 1,500 | 12,000 | 30,000 | 0.35 |
| Hamburg | 36 | 26 | 9.00 | 2,800 | 1,200 | 10,500 | 25,000 | 0.33 |
| Frankfurt | 28 | 24 | 7.95 | 2,700 | 1,100 | 10,000 | 25,000 | 0.30 |
| Cologne | 27 | 22 | 8.25 | 2,700 | 1,100 | 10,000 | 24,000 | 0.30 |
| Düsseldorf | 42 ⚠️ | 30 ⚠️ | 7.50 | 2,700 | 1,100 | 10,000 | 24,000 | 0.30 |
| Stuttgart | 38 | 26 | 8.00 | 2,800 | 1,300 | 10,500 | 26,000 | 0.28 |
| Leipzig | 26 ⚠️ | 18 ⚠️ | 5.90 | 2,500 | 1,100 | 9,000 | 20,000 | 0.28 |
United Kingdom — 4 Cities
| City | ratePeak |
rateOffPeak |
rentSqm |
electricity |
heating |
staff |
permitsCompliance |
utilTarget |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| London | 72 | 36 | 24 | 4,200 | 1,200 | 18,000 | 24,000 | 0.40 |
| Manchester | 54 | 36 | 8 | 3,600 | 1,000 | 15,000 | 18,000 | 0.33 |
| Birmingham | 42 | 26 | 7 | 3,500 | 1,000 | 14,500 | 17,000 | 0.30 |
| Edinburgh | 34 | 22 | 5 | 3,200 | 1,100 | 14,000 | 17,000 | 0.30 |
United States — 6 Cities
| City | ratePeak |
rateOffPeak |
rentSqm |
electricity |
heating |
staff |
permitsCompliance |
utilTarget |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miami | 57 | 38 | 18 | 2,300 | 200 | 16,000 | 22,000 | 0.35 |
| New York | 105 | 57 | 23 | 3,400 | 400 | 22,000 | 28,000 | 0.38 |
| Los Angeles | 95 | 57 | 13 | 4,200 | 300 | 20,000 | 26,000 | 0.35 |
| Dallas | 28 | 19 | 8 | 1,800 | 500 | 14,500 | 18,000 | 0.30 |
| Austin | 28 | 19 | 9 | 1,800 | 400 | 15,000 | 18,000 | 0.30 |
| Chicago | 40 | 27 | 8 | 2,200 | 700 | 17,000 | 21,000 | 0.30 |
9. Land Price Reference (context only — not a model input field)
Padel clubs almost always lease rather than purchase land. Land prices are included here as context for investors evaluating lease vs. buy, or for purpose-built developments.
| Market | Land price range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Munich (commercial) | €500–700/sqm | Urban commercial; logistics on city periphery cheaper |
| Berlin | €300–500/sqm | Growing gap between inner and outer districts |
| Frankfurt / Hamburg | €300–500/sqm | Prime commercial; logistics parks far lower |
| Cologne / Düsseldorf | €200–350/sqm | Rhine corridor; good logistics but not gateway-premium |
| Stuttgart | €250–400/sqm | Baden-Württemberg premium |
| Leipzig | €80–150/sqm | Eastern Germany discount |
| London (industrial) | £1,050–1,915/sqm (€1,260–2,300) | Constrained supply; M25 inside premium |
| Birmingham / Midlands | £247+/sqm (€296+) | Golden Logistics Triangle; strong demand |
| Manchester / Edinburgh | £100–200/sqm (€120–240) | Below London but rising |
| Miami-Dade (industrial) | $74/sqft = $797/sqm (€757) | +76% YoY in H1 2025 — highly volatile |
| NYC metro | $1,000+/sqm | Very constrained; Brooklyn industrial extremely expensive |
| Los Angeles | $500–800/sqm | SoCal logistics constrained |
| Dallas (commercial) | $12–49/sqm | Wide range; urban vs suburban |
| Austin | $50–120/sqm (urban core) | Tech-hub premium vs suburban |
| Chicago | $50–100/sqm | Midwest moderate |
Sources: Statista UK industrial land by market, Miami Realtors South Florida Land Sales H1 2025, Texas Real Estate Research Center Q3 2024
10. Methodology & Caveats
Data collection: Web searches conducted February 2026 using Playtomic booking pages, aggregators (Playskan, TimeOut, Padel Map USA), official planning authority documents, EIA electricity data, BLS wage surveys, Realogis/CommercialEdge real estate reports, and industry publications (DPV, Playtomic Global Padel Report 2025).
Currency conversions use approximate February 2026 mid-market rates: £1 = €1.20, $1 = €0.95. Apply a ±5% buffer for live transactions.
Key limitations:
- German city rates — the majority of clubs price via Playtomic or proprietary apps without public web pages. Berlin has the most confirmed data; Munich and Leipzig are estimated.
- Electricity figures — facility-level consumption estimates assume a 4-double-court indoor facility running 12 hours/day, 30 days/month. Actual consumption depends on HVAC spec, LED vs halogen, building insulation, and climate.
- Staff costs — Germany and UK employer on-costs (+22% and +18% respectively) are included in the model values. US figures represent gross payroll only; add ~15% for FICA and workers' comp.
- US permits — extremely jurisdiction-dependent. The Broward 1.85% is well-documented; NYC formula is clearly published. For Texas jurisdictions, the 0.5–2% national range is the only reliable guidance — verify with the local building department.
- US land prices (Miami especially) — Miami-Dade industrial land rose 76% YoY in H1 2025. Any figures in this report will be stale for site-specific underwriting. Get a current broker appraisal.
- Utilisation targets are planning estimates for a new club's first operating year. Mature clubs in established markets (Berlin, London, Miami) target 50–60%+ utilisation. The seed values use conservative 28–40% to model realistic break-even timelines.
Report compiled from parallel web research, February 2026. For live underwriting, verify rates through Playtomic or direct venue enquiry.
11. Demand-Side City Profiles
Data sources: national statistics offices, Wikipedia city infoboxes, Padelinsider.de / Padelfinder.de venue counts (cross-checked Feb 2026), LTA padel venue registry, USPA court directory, FIP World Padel Report 2025.
Court density = registered courts ÷ population (city proper) × 100,000. Court counts are venue-aggregated estimates from Padelinsider / Playtomic / LTA / USPA as of early 2026; rapid growth means these figures may be understated within months.
Germany — 8 Cities
| City | Population (city proper) | GDP/cap proxy | Courts (approx.) | Courts / 100k pop | Climate zone | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berlin | 3,590,000 ✅ | €38,000 ⚠️ | ~50 ⚠️ | ~1.4 | Cfb — humid continental, cold winters | Largest DE market; fastest venue growth; Padel FC (9 courts), PBC (6), Mitte (5), Lankwitz (4) among key venues |
| Munich | 1,490,000 ✅ | €65,300 ✅ | ~28 ⚠️ | ~1.9 | Dfb — continental, heavy winter snow | Highest income city in DE; PadelCity Munich, Padel Seasons (8 courts), Casa Padel network |
| Hamburg | 1,940,000 ✅ | €64,000 ✅ | ~35 ⚠️ | ~1.8 | Cfb — oceanic, wet and mild | Hanse Padel (16 courts), Padelon Hamburg-Hummelsbüttel (11 courts) anchor the market |
| Frankfurt | 770,000 ✅ | €83,400 ✅ | ~18 ⚠️ | ~2.3 | Cfb — oceanic | Highest GDP/cap in DE (financial hub); relatively small city footprint inflates density |
| Cologne | 1,090,000 ✅ | ~€40,000 ⚠️ | ~20 ⚠️ | ~1.8 | Cfb — oceanic | 5 locations, ~18–22 courts; Padel Walls Cologne is key operator |
| Düsseldorf | 640,000 ✅ | ~€45,000 ⚠️ | ~22 ⚠️ | ~3.4 | Cfb — oceanic | High-income Rhine corridor; We Are Padel franchise present; 4 locations, ~20 courts |
| Stuttgart | 640,000 ✅ | ~€50,000 ⚠️ | ~12 ⚠️ | ~1.9 | Cfb — slightly warmer | Baden-Württemberg industrial hub; Padeldir lists 17 clubs but many share courts; net courts lower |
| Leipzig | 630,000 ✅ | ~€28,000 ⚠️ | ~8 ⚠️ | ~1.3 | Dfb — continental | Lowest income Eastern city; PadelCity Leipzig (7 courts) dominant operator; nascent market |
Germany total context: DPV and FIP estimate Germany at 550+ padel locations / ~2,000+ courts nationally by end-2025, representing ~130% growth YoY in 2024. ⚠️ City-level court counts are aggregated from venue directories, not official DPV registrations.
United Kingdom — 4 Cities
| City | Population (city proper) | GDP/cap proxy | Courts (approx.) | Courts / 100k pop | Climate zone | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| London | 9,650,000 ✅ | £69,000 (~€83k) ✅ | ~250 ⚠️ | ~2.6 | Cfb — oceanic, mild | LTA: GB reached 1,000 courts in July 2025 across 325 venues; London estimated ~25% share. Stratford (9), Rocket Padel (4), Padel Social Club (7), The Padel Yard (3) are notable venues |
| Manchester | 560,000 ✅ | £65,591 (~€79k) ✅ | ~60 ⚠️ | ~10.7 | Cfb — oceanic, wet | First city in Britain to develop a local padel plan (LTA + Manchester City Council). High density relative to city-proper population; metro area 2.8M |
| Birmingham | 1,150,000 ✅ | ~45 ⚠️ | ~3.9 | Cfb — oceanic | Powerleague multi-court facility key operator; below-average income vs London but growing padel market | |
| Edinburgh | 530,000 ✅ | ~15 ⚠️ | ~2.8 | Cfb — cool oceanic | LTA Edinburgh page confirms ~2 clubs; Powerleague Scotland venues; cold winters reduce outdoor demand |
UK total context: LTA confirmed 1,000 courts across 325 venues in July 2025, up from 763 at end-2024 (+31% in 6 months). UK leads globally on GMV per court (€9,700/month, +74% YoY per Playtomic 2025 report). ⚠️ City-level splits are estimates based on proportional venue count from LTA venue map.
United States — 6 Cities
| City | Population (city proper) | Median HH income | Courts (approx.) | Courts / 100k pop | Climate zone | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miami | 460,000 ✅ | ~$62,000 ⚠️ | ~80 ⚠️ | ~17.4 | Aw — tropical savanna | Ultra Padel (26 courts) alone makes Miami highest-density US market; outdoor-dominant, year-round play |
| New York | 8,340,000 ✅ | ~$70,000 ⚠️ | ~45 ⚠️ | ~0.5 | Cfa — humid subtropical | Very low density for city size; indoor-only due to climate/space constraints; Padel Haus Brooklyn anchor |
| Los Angeles | 3,900,000 ✅ | ~$80,000 ⚠️ | ~40 ⚠️ | ~1.0 | BSk/Csb — semi-arid | The Padel Courts Hollywood; year-round outdoor possible; courts concentrated in West Side / Hollywood |
| Dallas | 1,300,000 ✅ | ~$58,000 ⚠️ | ~25 ⚠️ | ~1.9 | Cfa — humid subtropical | Padel39 flagship market; hot summers drive indoor preference Jul–Sep |
| Austin | 980,000 ✅ | ~$72,000 ⚠️ | ~18 ⚠️ | ~1.8 | Cfa — humid subtropical | Tech hub; above-average income; Padel39 Austin; strong growth trajectory |
| Chicago | 2,700,000 ✅ | ~$62,000 ⚠️ | ~20 ⚠️ | ~0.7 | Dfa — humid continental | Cold winters require indoor-only; Union Padel Club (opened Jan 2026); emerging market |
US total context: USPA reports ~688 courts in operation across 31 states as of Q2 2025, with ~352 new courts built in 2024. Florida, California, and Texas lead in court count; Northeast/Midwest growing fastest. ⚠️ City-level counts are aggregated from USPA directory, Padel Dynasty (2024), and operator websites.
Sources: Padelinsider.de city pages, LTA 1,000 courts milestone, USPA court directory, FIP World Padel Report 2025, Worldpopulationreview Germany cities, List of German cities by GDP — Wikipedia, House of Commons London GDP briefing, Padel Business Magazine USPA growth
12. CAPEX Breakdown by Component
All prices are per double court (10m × 20m playing surface) unless noted. Installation labour is included unless stated as supply-only (ex-works).
Component Cost Matrix — per Double Court
| Component | Germany (€) | UK (£ → €) | USA ($ → €) | Confidence | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel frame / structure | €8,000–12,000 | £7,000–10,000 (→€8,400–12,000) | $8,000–14,000 (→€7,600–13,300) | ⚠️ Est. | Q235 hot-dip galvanised; includes uprights and horizontal rails. Supply-only ex-works China ~€4,000; European-assembled ~€10,000 |
| Panoramic glass walls | €9,500–16,000 | £9,000–14,000 (→€10,800–16,800) | $9,500–11,500 (→€9,000–10,900) | ✅ High | 10–12mm tempered glass; panoramic (360°) costs ~20% more than standard back-glass-only. Prices confirmed from Fortune Padel, MejorSet, Padel Hispania quotes |
| Artificial turf (surface) | €4,500–8,000 | £4,200–7,500 (→€5,000–9,000) | $5,000–9,500 (→€4,750–9,000) | ✅ High | Court footprint = 200 sqm. FIP-approved: 8–12mm pile, sand-rubber infill. €12–22/sqm supply + lay in Europe; €14–22/sqm in North America. Annual maintenance ~€2–3/sqm |
| LED sports lighting | €4,000–7,000 | £3,500–6,500 (→€4,200–7,800) | $3,500–6,500 (→€3,300–6,200) | ✅ High | 8 × 200W fixtures per court = 1.6 kW total. Fixtures: €1,800–3,000; poles/brackets/wiring: €1,000–2,000; installation labour: €1,200–2,000. Full LED vs halogen saves 50–75% on electricity |
| Foundation & site prep | €5,000–10,000 | £5,000–12,000 (→€6,000–14,400) | $5,000–15,000 (→€4,750–14,250) | ✅ High | Excavation, drainage, compaction, concrete slab. Varies heavily by ground conditions |
| Fencing / mesh panels | €2,000–4,000 | £1,800–3,500 (→€2,200–4,200) | $2,500–5,000 (→€2,400–4,750) | ✅ High | Hot-dip galvanised wire mesh for non-glass sections |
| Subtotal: outdoor double court (supply + install) | €33,000–57,000 | £30,000–53,500 (→€36,000–64,200) | $33,500–61,500 (→€31,800–58,400) | ✅ High | Consistent with §7 benchmarks; outdoor only, no enclosure |
Indoor-Only Additional Costs (per facility, not per court)
| Component | Germany (€) | UK (£ → €) | USA ($ → €) | Confidence | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel portal frame hall (per sqm of GFA) | €350–550/sqm | £300–480/sqm (→€360–576/sqm) | $180–300/sqm (→€171–285/sqm) | ⚠️ Est. | A 4-court facility needs ~1,200–1,500 sqm of gross floor area (including service areas). US lower due to lighter spec and lower labour |
| Roof + cladding (single-skin membrane) | €80–130/sqm | £70–120/sqm (→€84–144/sqm) | $50–100/sqm (→€48–95/sqm) | ⚠️ Est. | Included in portal frame quote by many contractors; separated here for clarity |
| HVAC / climate system (4-court hall) | €80,000–150,000 | £70,000–130,000 (→€84,000–156,000) | $60,000–120,000 (→€57,000–114,000) | ⚠️ Est. | Heating + ventilation mandatory for indoor; A/C adds ~40% in hot climates (US South, Texas). Condensation control critical to protect turf. HVAC typically 70% of ongoing climate cost |
| Changing rooms & showers (4-court standard) | €40,000–80,000 | £35,000–70,000 (→€42,000–84,000) | $30,000–70,000 (→€28,500–66,500) | ⚠️ Est. | Male/female changing rooms, showers, lockers, WC. Upscale finish doubles this budget |
| Reception / lobby fit-out | €20,000–40,000 | £18,000–35,000 (→€21,600–42,000) | $15,000–35,000 (→€14,250–33,250) | ⚠️ Est. | Desk, point-of-sale, waiting area, equipment storage/retail |
Total Facility CAPEX Ranges (indicative)
| Facility type | Courts | Germany (€) | UK (£ → €) | USA ($ → €) | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outdoor club (courts + lighting + foundation) | 4 | €200,000–350,000 | £160,000–280,000 (→€192,000–336,000) | $180,000–320,000 (→€171,000–304,000) | ✅ High |
| Indoor club (courts + hall + HVAC + fit-out) | 4 | €700,000–1,200,000 | £600,000–1,050,000 (→€720,000–1,260,000) | $500,000–950,000 (→€475,000–903,000) | ✅ High |
| Indoor club (courts + hall + HVAC + fit-out) | 6 | €1,000,000–1,700,000 | £850,000–1,500,000 (→€1,020,000–1,800,000) | $750,000–1,400,000 (→€713,000–1,330,000) | ⚠️ Est. |
Notes on regional variation:
- Germany: Higher construction labour and engineering compliance (BauO, TÜV inspections) add 10–20% vs equivalent UK spec.
- UK: LTA construction guidance note (2025) quotes £45,000–£80,000 per indoor single court all-in.
- USA: Lower labour costs in Texas/Florida; higher in California (+30%) and New York (+40%) due to Davis-Bacon / local union rules.
- Indoor courts are typically 20–40% more expensive than outdoor equivalent.
Sources: Sports Venue Calculator CAPEX guide, BusinessDojo Padel Court Build 2025, Padel One Courts US breakdown, WePadel 2025 installation cost, Padel.fyi build guide 2024, Sports Venue Calculator LED lighting guide, Mighty Grass turf cost guide, LTA padel construction guidance 2025, FinancialModelsLab Padel Center CAPEX, Swegon HVAC padel halls guide
13. Insurance Cost Benchmarks
Insurance for padel clubs is still an emerging product category. Brokers generally classify padel as a hybrid of tennis (enclosed court) and squash (high-impact enclosed environment). Data from UK specialist brokers is most mature; German and US figures are partially estimated.
Coverage Types Required for a Commercial Padel Club
| Coverage type | What it covers | Typical limit |
|---|---|---|
| Public liability (PL) | Injury to players, spectators, visitors on premises | £/€/$2–10M per occurrence |
| Employer's liability (EL) | Claims by employees injured at work | £10M (UK statutory minimum) |
| Property / contents | Building structure, glass walls, turf, fixtures | Replacement value of facility |
| Equipment / court surfaces | Specific cover for glass panels, turf replacement | Per court or per facility |
| Business interruption | Revenue lost if courts are unusable (flood, fire, damage) | 12–24 months revenue |
| Professional indemnity | Claims from coaching malpractice or inadequate instruction | £1–2M (optional for clubs with in-house coaching) |
UK Insurance Cost Benchmarks
| Facility size | Public liability | Property/contents | Employer's liab. | Approx. total/year | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2-court outdoor club | £900–1,500/year | £1,500–3,000/year | £500–800/year | £3,000–5,300/year | ⚠️ Est. |
| 4-court indoor club | £1,800–4,000/year | £5,000–12,000/year | £800–1,500/year | £7,600–17,500/year | ⚠️ Est. |
| 6-court indoor club | £2,500–6,000/year | £8,000–18,000/year | £1,200–2,500/year | £11,700–26,500/year | ⚠️ Est. |
UK notes:
- Public liability insurance for padel venues: ~£900–1,500 per annum per court (Insure24 benchmark, 2025).
- LTA via Howden Group provides packaged tennis/padel club insurance; policy limit up to £60M per year.
- Specialist padel brokers: Lime Street Brokers, Ascott Insurance, Howden Group.
- Employers' liability is compulsory for any club with paid staff (Employers' Liability Act 1969).
- Buildings insurance premium depends on rebuild value; glass wall elements require specialist glass cover.
Germany Insurance Cost Benchmarks
| Coverage | Mechanism | Approx. annual cost | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vereinshaftpflicht (club PL) | Association framework contract or standalone; Haftpflicht covers personal injury + property damage | €800–3,000/year | ⚠️ Est. |
| Sachversicherung (property/contents) | Covers artificial turf, glass, steel frame against fire, storm, flood, vandalism | €2,000–6,000/year | ⚠️ Est. |
| Betriebsunterbrechung (business interruption) | Optional; required by lenders if facility is financed | €500–2,000/year | ⚠️ Est. |
| 4–6 court indoor facility total | €3,300–11,000/year | ⚠️ Est. |
Germany notes:
- German sports clubs typically obtain PL via Landessportbund framework (cheaper; DPV membership may include basic PL cover).
- Commercial padel operators (GmbH / UG) must purchase standalone Gewerbehaftpflicht, not club rates.
- ARAG and Sportversicherung provider via Bernhard Assekuranz are active in this space.
- Premium set by replacement value and location; no padel-specific published tariff found in public sources.
USA Insurance Cost Benchmarks
| Coverage | Mechanism | Approx. annual cost | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| General liability (per occurrence) | $1M–2M per occurrence; $2M–4M aggregate | $3,500–8,000/year | ⚠️ Est. |
| Commercial property | Building + contents at replacement value | $2,000–10,000/year | ⚠️ Est. |
| Workers' compensation | Varies by state; ~$3–5 per $100 payroll in sports sector | $3,000–7,000/year | ⚠️ Est. |
| 4–6 court indoor facility total | $8,500–25,000/year (→€8,100–23,750) | ⚠️ Est. |
USA notes:
- Minimum premium for sports complex programs (K&K Insurance): $3,500/year.
- Pickleball/padel-specific bundled program available (PIP Program — Property, Liability, Liquor, Assault in one package).
- State variance is high: California workers' comp and litigation risk adds ~20–30% to total insurance budget vs Texas or Florida.
- USPA recommends consulting Dustin Decker at RedNil Brokers for padel-specific coverage.
Recommended Model Allowances (EUR/year)
| Facility | Germany | UK | USA |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4-court indoor club | €5,000–8,000 | €9,600–18,000 | €8,500–19,000 |
| 6-court indoor club | €7,000–11,000 | €14,000–26,000 | €12,000–24,000 |
Insurance is not currently a separate model field in
seed_content.py. It is recommended to account for it within a generaloperatingOverheadline or as a fixed annual addition to the cost model. A conservative seed value for a 4-court indoor club across all markets is €10,000/year (€835/month).
Sources: Insure24 Padel Court Insurance guide, Lime Street Brokers Padel, Howden Group / LTA insurance, K&K Insurance Sports Complex, USPA FAQs insurance, ARAG Sportversicherung, Bernhard Assekuranz sports, Thepadeldirectory.co.uk UK step guide
14. Seasonal Utilisation Patterns
Overview: Indoor vs. Outdoor Demand by Season
| Season | Outdoor demand | Indoor demand | Key driver |
|---|---|---|---|
| Winter (Dec–Feb) | Very low (Nordic/UK/DE/US North); High (Miami, LA, Texas) | Very high in cold climates; High everywhere | Daylight, temperature, precipitation |
| Spring (Mar–May) | Rising; weather variable in DE/UK | Still high until outdoor season peaks | Transition period; most volatile |
| Summer (Jun–Aug) | Peak for outdoor (DE/UK/Nordic); Reduced (Miami heat, TX sun) | Drops in Nordic/UK markets; Stays high in hot climates (AC) | Heat drives indoor in Sun Belt; warmth drives outdoor in Northern Europe |
| Autumn (Sep–Nov) | Declining; good weather window Sep–Oct | Rising sharply from Oct | Back-to-sport season; corporate memberships renew |
Nordic / UK / German Markets (Dfb/Cfb Climate Zones)
- Indoor padel facilities in these zones show an inverted seasonal pattern: peak utilisation December–January, trough June–July.
- The pattern mirrors broader indoor sports demand: school terms drive autumn/spring peaks; summer holidays suppress demand.
- Source: machine-learning occupancy study (DiVA portal, Sweden) found indoor padel facilities peak in Dec–Jan and trough Jun–Jul. ✅
- In the UK, clubs offering membership plus additional services (clinics, social play) report year-round occupancy above 60%, while outdoor-only operators see utilisation fall to 20–30% in winter.
- Germany: outdoor courts in Berlin and Hamburg are typically unusable November–March due to frost and precipitation; operators either close outdoor courts or add temporary bubble/tent covers.
Sun Belt USA / Miami Climate (Aw/Cfa)
- Miami and South Florida: outdoor courts are year-round viable. Peak booking demand September–May (when northern snowbirds arrive and heat subsides).
- Summer (Jun–Sep): extreme heat and afternoon thunderstorms suppress outdoor demand 15:00–19:00; indoor air-conditioned courts see premium pricing in summer.
- Texas (Dallas, Austin): brutal summers (Jun–Aug, 38°C+) drive a strong indoor preference. Clubs report outdoor utilisation dropping 30–40% in July–August peak heat.
- Chicago/NYC: winter-only indoor markets. Courts open late 2023–2026 are exclusively indoor; outdoor seasonal pop-up courts viable May–October only.
Seasonal Utilisation Index (Estimated, Indoor Facility)
Index = 100 at annual average; values above/below show monthly relative demand.
| Month | Berlin/Hamburg/London (indoor) | Miami/Dallas (indoor) | Chicago/NYC (indoor) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 125 | 90 | 120 |
| Feb | 120 | 85 | 115 |
| Mar | 110 | 85 | 105 |
| Apr | 95 | 90 | 95 |
| May | 80 | 95 | 85 |
| Jun | 70 | 110 | 80 |
| Jul | 65 | 120 | 85 |
| Aug | 65 | 125 | 90 |
| Sep | 90 | 110 | 100 |
| Oct | 110 | 100 | 110 |
| Nov | 120 | 90 | 115 |
| Dec | 130 | 85 | 120 |
⚠️ Est. — Index values are estimated from seasonal demand descriptions in industry sources (DiVA academic study, Legendsports.com, Superbpadel.com, Padel Magazine France/UK). No publicly available granular Playtomic monthly booking dataset was found.
Pricing and Revenue Seasonal Impact
- France data (industry report): average indoor reservation €32, outdoor €24 — a 33% indoor premium. ✅
- USA: indoor/outdoor gap is more pronounced — $90 indoor vs $60 outdoor average (~50% premium). ✅
- Outdoor operators in cold climates (Berlin, Hamburg, Edinburgh) should model October–March as 60–70% of average monthly revenue and April–September as 110–130% to reflect seasonal swing.
- Indoor operators in the same markets should use a flatter curve (±20% monthly variance) but plan for a summer marketing push to fill the trough months.
Climate Zone Summary for the 18 Model Cities
| City | Climate (Köppen) | Outdoor viability | Indoor critical? | Peak season |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Munich | Dfb | Apr–Oct | Yes | Oct–Mar |
| Berlin | Cfb | Apr–Oct | Yes | Oct–Mar |
| Hamburg | Cfb | Apr–Oct | Yes | Oct–Mar |
| Frankfurt | Cfb | Apr–Oct | Yes | Oct–Mar |
| Cologne | Cfb | Apr–Oct | Yes | Oct–Mar |
| Düsseldorf | Cfb | Apr–Oct | Yes | Oct–Mar |
| Stuttgart | Cfb | Apr–Oct | Yes | Oct–Mar |
| Leipzig | Dfb | Apr–Sep | Yes | Oct–Mar |
| London | Cfb | Apr–Oct | Yes | Oct–Mar |
| Manchester | Cfb | May–Sep | Yes | Oct–Mar |
| Edinburgh | Cfb | May–Sep | Yes | Oct–Apr |
| Birmingham | Cfb | Apr–Oct | Yes | Oct–Mar |
| Miami | Aw | Year-round | Beneficial (AC) | Sep–May |
| New York | Cfa | May–Oct | Yes | Oct–Apr |
| Los Angeles | BSk/Csb | Year-round | Beneficial (AC) | Year-round even |
| Dallas | Cfa | Oct–May | Yes (Jun–Sep) | Oct–May |
| Austin | Cfa | Oct–May | Yes (Jun–Sep) | Oct–May |
| Chicago | Dfa | May–Sep | Yes | Oct–Apr |
Sources: DiVA machine-learning padel occupancy study (Sweden), Legendsports Indoor vs Outdoor ROI, Superbpadel indoor design guide, Padel Magazine FR indoor/outdoor balance, Reform Sports indoor vs outdoor guide, PadelMagic UK pros/cons
15. Playtomic & Platform Market Data
Platform Overview
Playtomic is the dominant global padel booking platform, operating in 60+ countries and serving as the primary data source for industry benchmarks. Its annual Global Padel Report (2025 edition produced with PwC) is the most cited primary source in the industry.
GMV per Court by Country (Playtomic Global Padel Report 2025)
GMV = Gross Monetary Value = monthly court rental revenue booked through the platform.
| Country | GMV per court/month (2024) | YoY growth vs 2023 | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | €9,700/month | +74% | ✅ High — Playtomic 2025 report |
| Germany | €4,000/month | +48% | ✅ High — Playtomic 2025 report |
| Spain | ~€3,500/month (est.) | +16% | ✅ Mature market; lowest growth, highest base volume |
| Italy | ~€3,200/month (est.) | +11% | ✅ Maturing; court glut in some cities |
| Benelux | ~€3,100/month (est.) | +12% | ✅ |
| Indonesia | ❓ | +173% | ✅ High growth; small base |
| USA | ❓ Unavailable | ❓ | ❓ US data not published in 2025 report summary |
Implied model check (Germany): At €4,000 GMV/month and ~30% utilisation (450 bookable slot-hours/month), the implied blended rate is ~€29/hr — consistent with the §2 data showing €25–42/hr across DE cities.
Implied model check (UK): At €9,700 GMV/month and ~35% utilisation, the implied blended rate is ~€62/hr — consistent with London peak rates of €54–72/hr pulling the national average up significantly.
Court Growth & Global Market Scale
| Metric | Value | Source | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Global courts (end 2024, Playtomic dataset) | 50,000+ | Playtomic Global Padel Report 2025 | ✅ |
| Global courts (end 2025, FIP World Padel Report) | 77,300 | FIP World Padel Report 2025 (Dec 2025) | ✅ |
| Global clubs | 24,600+ | FIP 2025 | ✅ |
| New courts built in 2025 | ~14,355 | FIP 2025 | ✅ |
| Global padel players | 35+ million | FIP 2025 | ✅ |
| New court opening rate | Every 2.5 hours worldwide | Playtomic / FIP 2025 | ✅ |
| Player return rate (after first session) | 92% | Playtomic 2025 | ✅ |
| UK courts (end 2024) | 763 | LTA | ✅ |
| UK courts (July 2025) | 1,000+ | LTA | ✅ |
| Germany courts (locations, 2025) | 550+ | FIP/DPV | ✅ |
| US courts (Q2 2025) | 688 | USPA | ✅ |
Booking Pattern Data
| Metric | Value | Confidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peak demand window | 17:00–23:00 weekdays, all weekend | ✅ | BusinessDojo / industry consensus |
| Peak hour occupancy (mature markets) | 80–90% | ✅ | Industry operators, BusinessDojo |
| Off-peak occupancy (weekday daytime) | 20–40% | ✅ | Industry operators |
| Prime-time booking lead time | 7–10 days in advance | ✅ | BusinessDojo |
| Off-peak booking lead time | 0–48 hours | ✅ | BusinessDojo |
| Last-minute bookings share (off-peak) | Frequent; rare at peak | ✅ | BusinessDojo |
| Cancellation / no-show rate | 5–10% per day | ✅ | Operator benchmarks |
| Weekend price premium vs weekday | +20–50% | ✅ | Industry consensus |
| Digital vs non-digital club revenue gap | 3–5× outperformance | ⚠️ Est. | Playtomic 2025 (marketing claim) |
Revenue KPI Benchmarks for Financial Modelling
| KPI | Benchmark | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Target annual utilisation (new club, yr 1) | 28–40% | §8 seed values; conservative for break-even modelling |
| Target annual utilisation (mature club, yr 3+) | 50–65% | Industry operator benchmark |
| Target peak-hour utilisation | 70–85% (max 90%) | Above 90% creates access scarcity and churn |
| GMV per court (UK leader) | €9,700/month | Playtomic 2025; highest globally |
| GMV per court (Germany emerging) | €4,000/month | Playtomic 2025; +48% YoY; growing fast |
| Padel clubs using Playtomic vs not | 3–5× revenue outperformance claimed | Playtomic marketing; treat as directional only |
| Booking type mix (mature market, e.g. Spain) | 80–90% open matches; 10–20% classes/events | Revenue per hour higher for open matches |
| Booking type mix (emerging market, e.g. US, DE) | Classes/social events dominant in early phase | Coaching and intro sessions critical to customer acquisition |
Market Size Projections
| Market | 2025 value | Projected (2035) | CAGR | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global padel sports market | $248M | $661M | 10.3% | ⚠️ Est. (market research firm; methodology opaque) |
| Global court construction market | Growing at ~39% annually | — | — | ✅ FIP 2025 |
| Padel retail equipment market | Growing at ~47% annually | — | — | ✅ FIP 2025 |
Sources: Playtomic Global Padel Report 2025, The Bandeja Playtomic 2025 summary, The Padel Paper Playtomic 2025, Padel Business Magazine: 50,000 courts, FIP World Padel Report 2025, FIP 77,000 courts announcement, LTA 1,000 courts milestone, BusinessDojo padel KPIs, BusinessDojo daily bookings, Squash Facilities: Playtomic 2025 key findings, Padeltelegraph statistics 2025, USPA clubs directory
Sections 11–15 appended February 2026 via parallel web research. Data confidence markers: ✅ High (confirmed source), ⚠️ Est. (extrapolated or aggregated from proxies), ❓ Unavailable (not found in public sources).